Purpose

To provide a songbook for worship and express the full range of human emotions in relationship with God.

Author

Multiple authors over 1,000 years. David wrote nearly half (73 psalms), often during his years as a shepherd, warrior, and king. Other contributors include worship leaders, musicians, and poets.

Historical Context

Written: 1440-400 BC. Israel's worship songs covering 1,000 years of history from Moses to the exile.

Significance

The Bible's prayer book and hymnal, showing us how to relate to God honestly in every circumstance.

Key Themes

Worship, Prayer, God's Character, Trust, Deliverance

Interesting Facts

• Psalms is the longest book in the Bible with 150 chapters
• Jesus quoted Psalms more than any other Old Testament book
• Psalm 117 is the shortest chapter in the Bible (2 verses)

Prophecies

• Messianic psalms predicting Christ's suffering and glory (Psalms 22, 69, 110, etc.) Fulfilled: Jesus fulfilled these in His crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension (1000 years later)

Psalm 120 is one of the Songs of Ascents, which were sung by the Israelites as they made their way to Jerusalem for their annual festivals. This particular psalm expresses a deep sense of distress and a plea for deliverance from the troubles caused by deceitful individuals. The psalmist begins by calling out to the Lord in his time of need, reflecting a critical aspect of faith: the belief that God hears and answers prayers. This belief is foundational for anyone experiencing turmoil or conflict. The psalmist specifically laments the presence of 'lying lips' and a 'deceitful tongue,' suggesting that he is surrounded by individuals who do not promote truth or integrity. In verses 3-4, the psalmist vividly describes the consequences of such deceit as sharp arrows and burning coals, emphasizing the pain and danger that falsehood brings to relationships and communities. The imagery here serves to underline the seriousness of dishonesty and the emotional turmoil it causes. The psalmist then expresses his sense of alienation in verses 5-6. He feels like a stranger in Meshech and Kedar, which could be interpreted as a metaphor for living among people who are hostile and do not value peace. Meshech is often associated with a distant, barbaric land, while Kedar represents a nomadic, warlike tribe. This imagery serves to highlight his feelings of isolation and longing for peace in a tumultuous environment. The conclusion of the psalm brings forth the poignant contrast between the psalmist's desire for peace and the reality of hostility that surrounds him, encapsulated in the final verse where he notes that while he seeks peace, those around him are inclined toward conflict. This tension between desire and reality is a universal experience, making Psalm 120 relatable to many who find themselves in similar circumstances of strife and confusion.