Purpose

To provide a songbook for worship and express the full range of human emotions in relationship with God.

Author

Multiple authors over 1,000 years. David wrote nearly half (73 psalms), often during his years as a shepherd, warrior, and king. Other contributors include worship leaders, musicians, and poets.

Historical Context

Written: 1440-400 BC. Israel's worship songs covering 1,000 years of history from Moses to the exile.

Significance

The Bible's prayer book and hymnal, showing us how to relate to God honestly in every circumstance.

Key Themes

Worship, Prayer, God's Character, Trust, Deliverance

Interesting Facts

• Psalms is the longest book in the Bible with 150 chapters
• Jesus quoted Psalms more than any other Old Testament book
• Psalm 117 is the shortest chapter in the Bible (2 verses)

Prophecies

• Messianic psalms predicting Christ's suffering and glory (Psalms 22, 69, 110, etc.) Fulfilled: Jesus fulfilled these in His crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension (1000 years later)

Psalm 110 is a profound declaration attributed to David, which emphasizes the dual role of the Messiah as both a sovereign king and a priest. The psalm opens with a divine conversation, where the Lord speaks to 'my Lord,' a phrase that establishes a significant theological foundation for understanding the authority and divinity of the Messiah. This is one of the most quoted psalms in the New Testament, where Jesus himself refers to it to affirm his identity and mission. The call to sit at the right hand of God symbolizes a position of ultimate authority and power, indicating that the Messiah will reign until all enemies are subdued. The imagery of the 'mighty scepter' and the promise of rule amidst adversaries suggest a victorious leader who commands allegiance and devotion from his followers. Verses three and four introduce the concept of a priestly order, likening the Messiah to Melchizedek, a mysterious figure from Genesis who combines both kingship and priesthood. This unique duality is essential for understanding the nature of Christ's mediatorial work. The psalm continues with a vivid portrayal of judgment, where the Lord stands beside the Messiah to execute justice among the nations, illustrating both divine wrath and the establishment of God's kingdom through the triumph over evil. The concluding verse reflects a sense of humility and strength, as the king will refresh himself, indicating his humanity amidst his divine authority. Overall, Psalm 110 serves as a messianic prophecy, revealing the nature of Jesus Christ's reign and priesthood, as well as providing hope for believers regarding ultimate justice and victory over evil.